Assumption: you can't force someone to learn
Cognitive
theory defines learning as "a semi-permanent change in mental
processes or associations." Cognitivists do not require an
outward exibition of learning but focus more on the internal processes
and connections that take place during learning.
The main
assumption of cognitive psychology is that there are cognitive processes
that take place and influence the way things are learned. Explanations
for how cognitive processes work are known as information processing
theories or models. The three-component model of information processing
is taught in Educational Psychology. It looks something like this:
Important
classroom principles from cognitive psychology include meaningful
learning, organization, and elaboration.
Create an environment where there are lots of
manipulatables, tools where they can develop an understanding. An
instructor can ask questions to help students refine their thinking and
recognize where they may be wrong.
Failure may be considered a good thing as it is a tool to help learners realize that they need to learn more.
Sumber: http://www.innovativelearning.com/educational_psychology/cognitivism/index.htm